Prehistoric and Pre-Columbian periods
The first humans in the territory of the state were nomadic hunter-gatherers who left evidence of their existence in caves beginning around 20,000 years ago. Until about 8,000 years ago, climatic conditions favored human habitation more than they do now; however, sedentary human habitation occurred around this time in mountainous areas with more moisture and better soil for agriculture. Following that, settlements appeared near the coast as a result of fishing. Weaving, ceramics, basketry, and other crafts have been discovered at these sites. Around this time, a grain known as teosinte, also known as the forerunner to corn, became a staple of the diet.
The earliest civilizations in this region were either Olmecs who migrated here or native peoples who were heavily influenced by the Olmecs, particularly in the Balsas River area. Olmec influences can be seen in cave paintings like those discovered in Juxtlahuaca, as well as stone tools and jade jewelry from the time period.
Recent evidence suggests that ancient Guerrero cultures influenced the Olmecs’ early development.
The peoples of the Mexcala River region eventually developed their own distinct culture, known as Mezcala or Mexcala. It is distinguished by its own sculpture and ceramics, which are distinguished by their simplicity. The Olmec influence remained in this culture, most notably in the clustering of villages, the construction of ceremonial centers, and a government dominated by priests. Later, the culture absorbed elements of the Teotihuacan model, including the Mesoamerican ballgame.
Later migrations to the area brought ethnicities such as the Purépecha, Mixtecs, Maya, and Zapotecs, who left their mark on local cultures by establishing commercial centers around the seventh century. Toltec influence was felt in the 8th century as they traveled the many trade routes through here in search of tropical bird plumage and amate paper. The Chichimecas influenced the various peoples of the state from the 12th to the 15th centuries, culminating in Aztec dominance by the 15th century.
In the 11th century, new migrations arrived from the north, including the Nahuas, who occupied what is now the state’s center, and the Purépecha, who occupied the west. The Nahuas established themselves in Zacatula, Atoyac de lvarez, and Tlacotepec, eventually conquering the Chontal Maya, Matlatzincas and Aztec-inspired
By the 15th century, the modern state of Guerrero’s territory was inhabited by a variety of peoples, none of whom had major cities or population centers. The most important of these peoples were the Purépecha, Cuitlatecs, Ocuitecas, and Matlatzincas in Tierra Caliente, the Chontales, Mazatlecos, and Tlahuicas in the Sierra del Norte, the Coixcas and Tepoztecos in the Central Valleys, the Tlapanecos and Mixtecs in La Montaa, the Jopis, Mixtecos, and Amuzgos The majority of these people lived in smaller towns. ost of these lived in smaller dominions with moderate social stratification. One distinctive feature of the people of this was the use of cotton garments.
As part of their conquest of the Toluca Valley, the Aztecs began making incursions in the Guerrero area as early as 1414, led by Chimalpopoca. Itzcoatl led incursions into Tierra Caliente in 1433, attacking the Cuitlatecos who lived between the Teloloapan and Cocula Rivers. By 1440, the Aztec Empire had taken control of the state’s northwestern region, known as La Montaa. Attempts to take the Costa Chica area against the Yopis began in 1452 and failed. Between 1452 and 1511, various battles would be fought before the majority of the rest of the state became Aztec tributary provinces. Guerrero’s modern state was made up of seven Aztec provinces.
Aztec Guerrero Maya Aztec Calendar
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