Religious significance
Chalchiuitlicue’s name literally translates to “Jade her skirt,” but she is more commonly known as “she of the jade skirt.” The Tlaxcalans, an indigenous group who inhabited the republic of Tlaxcala, also referred to her as Chalchiuhtlatonac (chalchiu[itl]-tla-tona-c) “She who shines like jade” and Matlalcueye “Possessor of the Blue Skirt.” Chalchiuitlicue was either the wife or sister of Tlaloc, the Aztecs god of rain, according to the text. Tlaloc and Chalchiuitlicue are both water deities, but unlike Tlaloc, Chalchiuitlicue was frequently associated with groundwater. Tecciztecatl, the Aztec moon god, was also his mother. In other texts, she was the wife of Xiuhtecuhtli, a senior Aztec deity.
Chalchiuitlicue aids Tlaloc in ruling the paradisial kingdom of Tlalocan, according to Aztec religion. Chalchiutlicue is said to protect women and children as well as bring fertility to crops.
According to legend, Chalchiuhtlicue once devoured the sun and moon. She is frequently associated with serpents, as are most Aztec water deities. Her association with water and fertility is thought to speak to the Aztecs’ association with the womb and water. In Aztec mythology, she frequently played a dual role as both a life-giver and a life-ender. Chalchiuhtlicue presided over the Fourth Sun, or the fourth creation of the world, in the Aztec creation myth of the Five Suns. Chalchiuhtlicue is said to have retaliated against Tlaloc’s mistreatment of her by releasing 52 years of rain, causing a massive flood that destroyed the Fourth Sun. She constructed a bridge connecting heaven and earth, and those who were in Chalchiuhtlicue’s good graces were permitted to cross it, while others were turned into fish. Following the flood, the Fifth Sun, the world we now inhabit, arose.
Chalchiutlicue was not only associated with the many fasciates of water, but he is also credited with the deaths of those who died in drowning accidents.
In addition to water-related deaths, Chalchiuhtlicue presided over birth rituals, the bathing of sacrificial victims and ceremonial actors, judiciary purification, royal investiture, and the recycling of ritual waste.
Chalchiuhtlicue was frequently depicted as “a river, from which grew a prickly pear cactus laden with fruit, which symbolized the human heart.” (Schwartz 2018, 14) She was thought to be the personification of youth, beauty, and zeal, but she should not be confused with Tlazolteotl (also known as Ixucuina or Tlaelquani), the Aztec goddess of midwives, steam baths, purification, sin, and the patroness of adulterers. Although the two goddesses frequently overlapped, they were distinct from the Aztec-inspired from one another.
Aztec Tlaloc Chalchiutlicue Maya Aztec
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